a

"hmb\mcpsS kwhmZw' F ]wIvvXnbn, Ign efn (kvt\lkwhmZw) h
GXm\pw {]kIvvXamb {]XnIcW...... hmbnpI

Xncphmdnt\mSp Nne tNmZy

kvt\lkwhmZn {]knoIcnpsImWvSncnp ""ss__nfnsd ssZhnIX'' F hnjbs ASnkvYm\amn \nv Hm^v {Sqpw "Zn {Sqpw' s]cpmhqcnshv \Snb kwhmZw kXymt\zjnIv hfsc D]Imc{]ZamWv. {]kvXpX kwhmZw enJnX cq]fn {]knoIcnp kvt\lkwhmZnsd in]nIv A`n\\.
{io. Xncphm IrjvWIpn ss__nfnsd ssZhnIXsXncmbn Fw.Fw. AIv_ FgpXnb {K\vYn\v JWvUnm ]m adp]Sn Xsd {K\vYneqsS \SnbnpsWvS tPmk ^nennsd hmZw X\n _meniamWv. {]amWsImWvSv \nv Hm^v {Sqns\ FXnm Ignbm Xncphm Zpjv{]NcWfmWv Ctm Bbp[ampXv.
Xncphmdnsd Hcp {]`mjWImkn \nv Hm^v {Sqns\ hnainpIbpw \nv Hm^v {Sqv Hcpp sIWnbn ss{IkvXh ktlmZc hnXcmIcpXv Fv XmoXv \SpXmbpw tIm km[np. XZSnkvYm\n Nne tNmZy ChnsS Ipdns....
1. thZmcpambn kwhmZw \ScpXv FmWv JpB 29:46 ]dbpXv Fv Xm hmZntm. JpB 29:46 As\ Hcp hN\w ImWpn: adnv \ \nebn thZmtcmSvkwhmZw \Smw FmWv ]dbpXv! Fnpw hn.JpB\ns t]cn Cs\sbmcp hymP hN\w Dcnm Xmp {]tNmZ\w FmWv?
2. B[ymXvanI hnjbn FgpXptm FgpXp a\pjysd `mj, Ahsd Atmgs imcocnI hyhkvYnXn, Ah AhXcnnm\ptinp Bib icnbmwhw tcJsSpm\p Ignhv Fnhsbmw ]cnKWnpsImWvSmWv ss__n cN (]IsgppImsc?) bnXmsf hnebncptWvSXv Fv Xm ]dtm. CXn\npw apIfn Dcn ]cnanXnIfn\npw ss__n apIvXa FmWtm a\nemtWvSXv. Fm tijw Xm ]dbpXpt]mse Bib Xopw ssZhw \InbXmsWv hmZn\pthWvSn kXnmXsbpw AXv tcJsSpm\pw apw Ahv ]cnanXnbpWvSv Fpw AXn\m am\pjnI IchncpXpIfn\npw ss__n ]qWambpw apIvXa FpamWtm Hcp kXymt\zjnv a\nemm IgnbpXv. CXns\pdnv Xm Fv ]dbpp?
3. ]pXnb \nbanse BZys ]pkvXIsagpXnbXv bmtm_v BWv Fv Xm ]dtm. AXn\v Xmp sXfnhv Dcnmtam? C\n bmtm_nsd t]cnep teJ\nsd Imhv AtmkvXe\pw tbiphnsd ktlmZc\pamb bmtm_v XsbmWv F \nfpsS hmZn\p sXfnhv hyIvXammtam?
4. GIssZhhnizmkw aplZnsd kw`mh\bspw BZna a\pjy\mb BZansd Imew apXpXs {]kvXpX hnizmkw \ne\nncppshpw Xm AIv_ kmln_n\v adp]Sn FtmWw kaYntm? Fm FhnsSsbnepw Atltam \nnsd {]hItcm aplZv (k) am{Xw {]t_m[\w sNbvXXmWv GIssZhhnizmkw Fv ]dXmbn sXfnbnm Ignbptam? Cmsbn Fn\mWv Xm Cs\ Ifhv {]NcnnpXv?
4. D]n 1:26 hN\w {XnXzn\v sXfnhmbn Dcn Xm aXhnPvRm\tImiw hmfyw 15:t]Pv 54 ""]gb XmXznI {]_\v[fn D]n 1:26 \psS {]XnOmbbn \apv kZri\mbn a\pjys\ \mw \nans'' Fv \n Dcn hN\w {XntbI hnimkn\p sXfnhmsWv ]dbpXv icnb Fv FgpXnbXv \ntj[nm Ignbptam?
5. ]nXmhv, ]p{X, ]cnipmXvamhv; Ch aqpw IqSntXmWv GIssZhsav ]dbptm 1+1+1=F{X F tNmZyn\v aqv Fv Rm adp]Sn ]dbnspw adnv 1 x1x1=F{X Hv FXmWv RfpsS IWv FpamWv Xm hmZnpXv. Cs\sbn apnaptmSn ssZhsf Bcm[np sslhcpw GIssZh hnizmknIfmsWv AwKoIcnm Xm XbmdmIptam?
6. ssZhnsd {]]krjvSnbnXs {XntbIXzn\v sXfnhpWvSv FXn\v DZmlcWambn ]ZmYnsd ASnkvYm\amb Bw \ne\npXv CeIvt{Sm, t{]mtm, \yqt{Sm Fns\ aqsw IqSntmWv Fpw Xm ]dtm. Fm {]]spdn hymJym\n\v Cv NXpam\ne[njvTnXamb kvYeIme ss\ccysa sFkvbn knmamWv kzoIcnncnpXv Fpw \menepw A[nIw am\ I]np knmn\mWv ]mnkvXm\nse A_vZpeman\v t\m_ km\w InnbXv Fpap hkvXpX \ntj[nm Ignbptam? imkv{Xt_m[ap ss{IkvXh kplrp Bcpw Cmcyw XmtfmSv CXphsc ]dpXntbm?
7. tbiphn\v btYjvSw Aam\pjnI {]h\
sNm Ignbpsav JpB ]dXmbn Xm ]dtm? {]kv XpX hN\w F{Xmas A[ymbnemsWv hyIvXammtam?
8. Keoentbm {]iv\n\v ImcWw Itmenm k` am{XamsWpw RfpsS Hcp ]WvUnX\pw AXns\ A\pIqennnspw ]dbp Xmv eqYdpw, saemMvSWpw {]kvXpX hnjbn Itmenm k` FSp Xocpam\s A\pIqenXv \ntj[nm Ignbptam?
9. Ncn{X]cambn ss__nfn bmsXmcp A_hpansv hmZnp Xm, ss__nfn Htsd Ncn{Xsshcpy ImWnpXm \nfpsS hnizmkw ]p\x]cntim[nm XbmdmIptam?
10. \nv Hm^v {Sqpambn GXv kabpw kwhmZn\v XbmdmsWv ]dnpw Fw.Fw. AIv_ kmln_pw apw Hgnpamdn Fv hmZnp Xm FhnsSshv Ftmsgmw As\ kw`hnp Fv sXfnbnmtam?
tasImSp ]v tNmZyv adp]Sn ]dbm IrjvWIpn km _m[ykvY\mWv.Asn AtltmSv ss{IkvXh kplrp CXns\pdnv Hcp hniZoIcWw hmn kvt\lkwhmZntev AbpsImSppI.
\u^ \n, keme

{IqioIcWnse sFdWn

_nkn amXyphnsd hntbmP\ Ipdnn\v Aen.sI. acpX FgpXnb adp]Sn hmbnp. teJnI kzhnizmk
nsd ASnkvYm\n Dbn \ybamb kwibn\p hkvXp\\njvTamb adp]Snbmbncpp AXv. "sXfnhpI \ncn hmZw kanphm\p' teJn IbpsS Bhiynsd BXvamYamb BhnjvImcambncpp B teJ\w. teJnIbpsS Ipdnnse {][m\ t]mb dmb "tbip acWn\v Xbmdmbncp p' F hmZw ]v sXfnhpI \nc nsmWvSv Xs teJI kaYn ppWvSv. ktlmZcn Hcp BXvamY Xbp kXymt\zjIbmsWn ss_ _nfnsd hniIe\neqsS H\h[n sXfnhpI C\nbpw IsWvSm\mhpw.
"Hv Nosnte asmn\v hf amIq' F NnmKXnb, adnv sXfnhp IfpsSbpw hkvXpXIfpsSbpw ASnkvYm \n {]amW \n_ambn kwkmcnp I F ssienbmWv "kvt\l kwhmZw' kzoIcnpt]mcpXv. (kvt\lkwhm Znsd hnhn[ efpsS ]cntim[\ bneqsS Amcyw t_m[ysSpw). Aamb hnai\nsdbpw Aamb \ymboIcWnsdbpw ]mX shSnv _pntbmSv kwkmcnp coXn kzoIcn emWv hnthIimenbmb a\pjy\v A`nejWobw. Cu \bw Fs\bmWv aX ssa{Xntm kmwkvImcnI\natm hnLmXw \npXv?
_nkn amXyphns\ t]msebp hcpsS hnai\fpw {]XnIcW fpw Fpw kzmKXmlw XsbmWv. ]t, Aamb A\pIcWnsd ssienshSnv BXvamYamb hniI e\fmWv Fmbvtmgpw KpWIcw.
kn.Fw. Pm^ FSc

apkvenwIfpw imkv{Xhpw

ss__nfnsd ssZhnIX hyIvXamphmthWvSn imkv{Xob ]cmai ss__nfnepsWvSv hcpnophm\p tPmk ^nennsd {iaw ImWptm klXm]w tXmpp. kIe imkv{Xob ]ptcmKXnpw BZyImev amKXSambn \nhcmWv ss{IkvXh Fv BmWv AdnpIqSmXv. Fm apkvenwI Fpw imkv{X]ptcmKXnv A\pIqeambncpp. JpB\mWv AXn\hsc {]tNmZnnXv. sXfnhpI \ncm FmSpapWvSv.
bqtdmnsd imkv{XhnImkn\v ]nnse \nWmbI {]tNmZ\hpw, t{]c Wbpw, kw`mh\bpw Ad_nIfptSXmbn cppshXv Cv s]mXpsh hnkvacn sncnpp. tIheamb imkv{XIpXnp Nmambncpn apkvenwIfptSXv. AXn sd t{]cWp apJy LSIw Xs bpw hnipJpBsd Blzm\fpw, t{]cWIfpambncpp.Npcpn B[p \nI imkv{Xnsd IpXnp Nmw Jp B\n\nmcw`npp Fp ]dbmw.
C_v\p ko\ (19801037)bpsS "Jm\q^nznv' 12mw \qmWvSp apX 17mw \qmWvSphsc bqtdm]y saUnkn hn`mKnse HutZymKnI IrXnbm bncpp. Ahnsk (Avicennea) Fdn bsSp Ctlw 10mw hbn JpB  apgph lrZnkvYamnb hyIvXnbm bncpp. Atd_y imkv{X{K bqtdmn Ghpa[nIw hnh\w sNbvX sKdmUv Hm^v {IntamW (Gerard of Crimona)Xs BZyambn 12mw \qmWvSn CXv emn\ntev hnh\w sNbvXp.
tPymXnimkv{Xw, sshZyimkv{Xw XpSnb hyXykvX imkv{XimJIfn 60 Hmfw {K cNn C_v\p dpjvZv ]mivNmXycn AdnbsSpXv Ahtdm kv F t]cnemWv.
AdmknbpsS (885925) "Almhn' F IrXn 30 hmfyap BZys saUn  Fssktm]oUnb Bbncpp. {Kl `qansb NpndpIbmsW tSmfanbpsS knmw BZyambn Xncp nbXv A_nXv dqPn F apkvenw imkv{XPvR\mbncpp. \nehn D]tbm Knp ]e Cwojv kwPvRI Xs Cu kzm[o\w hyIXampp.
Ad_v sIankv{SnbpsS ]nXmhmb Pm_n_v\p lm XpSnsh ikv{X imJbmWv "AIoanb' Cu ]Zn \nmWv sIankv{SnbpsS Dcphw. "AJmen', "AIplv' F ]Zfn  \nmWv bYm{Iaw Ben (m cw), Btlm Fo ]Z cq]m csXv.
KWnXimkv{Xnse APn{_ F ]Zw aplZv_v\p aqk A Jhmdkvan hnIknn "AP_' BWv. Cwojnse zero bpw Ad_nbnse "kzn^v' F ]Zn\v cq]t`Zw kw`hnXmWv (KWnXimkv{X hnPvRm\ tImiw. t]: 848, Iddv _pIvkv).
temI{]ikvX kkyimkv{XPvR\pw arKtUmIvSdpambncp "C_v\p ss_Xz' (acWw 1248); kvs]bn, hS\m{^n, kndnb, Gjymssa\ FnhnSfneqsS sbmw ]T\bm{X \Snb Ctln sd t]cpambn _sSXmWv Veterinary (shdn\dn arKtUmIvS) F ]Zwt]mepw.
tdm_v {_n^mv (Robert Briffalt) FgpXpp: "Ad_nIfnmbncpsn B[p\nI bqtdm]y kwkvImcw Xs PsaSppambncpns bmYmYyw XnIpw hnizk\obas{X. ]cnWman sd {]mNo\ ZiIsfsbmw Ihp sh kz`mhkhntijXIfpw apkvenwIfpsS Akmn[ynehv kzmbamm km[npambncpn. ]Snmdnsd ]ptcmKXnbpsS \nmch ifn t]mepw Ckvemansd kzm[o\w ImWsSmXncpn' (The making of humanity. Page 190).
kpsslAen, XncphngmwIp