a

JpB\n Aimkv{XobXtbm?

\hw_ ew kvt\lkwhmZn skbvZv aplZv B\bnsd ""JpB Aimkv{XobwXs'' F Iv IWvSp. JpB\n Aimkv{Xobw Fv ]dbsSp GXm\pw hN\ AXn Atlw ImWnpIbpWvSmbn. AXn NneXv Xmsg ]dbpp: JpB 51:4 ""`qansb ]cnbXv \mw BIpp'' FmWv DsXv teJI ]dbpXv. ""Imcy hn`Pnv sImSpph (aepI) XsbmWv kXyw'' FmWv JpB 51:4 ]dncnpXv. ""`qanbmIs \mw AXns\ hncnmnbncnpp'' (51:48) Fpw ""`qansb sabmnbncnpp'' (2:22) Fpw JpB\n ImWmw. ChnsS `qanbpsS BIrXnsb Ipdn ]S Xpcm {]Xn]mZnnpXv. ]S Xpcm a\pjy\v sNbvXpX A\p{Kls IpdnmWv. Cv {]]nse IWvSp]nSnsnStmfap tKmffnshv a\pjy\v \n`bXztmsS InSpdm Ignbp Htcsbmcp tKmfw `qan am{XamWv. \apv izknm Bhiyamb HmIvknP\pw, IpSnphm thWvS Pehpw `qanbn am{Xsa e`npIbpq.
]ns B\bw ]d Hcp Aimkv{XobX Jpdm\nse 35:41 hN\amWv. ""Xobmbpw Amlp BImisfbpw `qansbbpw (bYm kvYm\fn\nv) \omsX ]nSnp\npp''. ChnsS {]Xn]mZnpXv Hmtcm tKmffpsSbpw \nivNnX kvYm\sfpdnmWv. Ah ]ckv]cw kvYm\w sXntmhpItbm IqnappItbm sNpn. JpB\nse 36:38 hN\s teJI Xopw hfsmSnpIbmWv sNbvXXv. ""kqcy ]I kcnpsImWvSncnpXv k\v[ybmhptm HcnSv hn{ianphm thWvSnbmWv''. FmWv B\bw ]dXv. ""kqcy AXn\v kvYncambp kvYm\tv NenpsImWvSncnpp'' FmWv JpB 36:38 ]dXv. CXn FhnsSbmWv Aimkv{XobX. kqcy NenppWvSv FXv B[p\nI imkv{Xw sXfnbn \Kv\amb Hcp kXyamWv. Cu hmIyw JpB\nsd ssZhnIXv Hcp sXfnhpamWv. skbvZv aplZnt\mSv hn\btmSpIqSn Hcp Imcyw ]dbs hnip JpBs\pdnv ]TntWvSXv hnip JpB\n\nmWv. temInse Fm `mjIfnepw JpB\n\v ]cn`mjbpWvSv. AmsX bpIvXnhmZnIfpsS ]pkvXIn\nv JpB\ns\Ipdnv ]Tnm {ianm ]e sXnmcWIfpw DWvSmIpw.
Amlphpambn aplZn(k)\v bmsXmcp _\v[anmsbpw JpB ssZhnIamsbpw ]dbp skbvXv aplZnt\mSpw Atls ]npWp bpIvXnhmZnItfmSpw GXm\pw tNmZy tNmZns:
1. Hcp {K\vYw cNnnv AXnsd DSakvYmhImiw XtdXsv ]dbpIbpw AXv ssZhntdXmWvv Fv AhImisSpIbpw sNbvXXneqsS Fv t\amWv aplZv (k) eyampXv?
2. aplZn (k) s\ am\nhmknI hnfnncpXv "A Aao' (hnizkvX) FmWv. Atlw PohnXn Hcp Ifhv t]mepw ]dnn FmWv Atlnsd i{Xpt]mepw ]dbpXv. Rm ssZhnsd ZqX\msW "Ifhv' ]dbpXneqsS Fv t\amWv aplZv (k) eyampXv?
3. ""apltZ \n\[nImcw thtWm, A[nImcw Xcmw kv thtWm, kv Xcmw kpcnbmb s]IpnIsf thtWm, AXpw Xcmw \o \nsd {]t_m[\w aXnbmq'' Fv abnse {]`pm ]dtm Hcp In kqcy\pw adpIn N{hpw shpXmepw Fsd amKn\nv Rm ]namdn FmWv aplZv (k) ]dXv. ]ns Fv t\amWv aplZv (k) eyampXv?
4. aplZn (k) sd FXncmfnIfmb PqXmcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw hnfnv {]mnpIbpw Bcm[npIbpw sNp tamisbbpw (aqk) tbiphns\bpw (Cuk) Fn\v thWvSnbmWv aplZv (k) ""Xsd IrXnbn'' almmcmbn Nn{XoIcnpXv?
5. tbiphnsd amXmhmb adnbnsd t]cn Hcp AymbwXs (kpd: 19) aplZv (k) ""Xsd IrXnbn'' DsSpnbtm, FpsImWvSmWv kzw amXmhnsd t]cv JpB\n ]cmainmXncpXv.
6. JpB aplZn(k)sd IrXnbmsWn aplZn(k)s\ Xncpp hN\ (JpB 80:110, 66:15) FpsImWvSv JpB\n DWvSmbn?
7. Fgppw hmb\bpw Adnbm ""aplZnsd IrXnbn''Fs\bmWv apIme {]hmNImcpsS Ncn{X ISphXv. Atln\v BcmWv Ncn{X hkvXpXI ]dv sImSpXv.
8. thZ{K\vYw ]Tn (ss__n ]gbXpw ]pXnbXpamb \nba) hhcpamWv aplZn(k)\nXv ]dpsImSpsXn FpsImWvSmWv apIme {]hmNImscpdnv ss__nfn ImWp A]hmX JpB\n CmsX t]mbXv?.
(DZm: \qlvv (t\ml) aZy]m\nbmbncpp. (D]n: 9:20), eqv (temv) kzw s]afpambn hy`nNcnp (D]n 19:3136), tbip ]shn\nv hopWvSmpIbpw AXv IpSnv Im\mbnse hncppIm elcnbnemhpIbpw sNbvXp. (tbmlm 2:111) tbip C{kmbo Imcnbm Hcp kv{Xosb ]n Fv hnfnp (ambn 15:26).
XmPpo. ]n.]n, an, Iq.

imkv{Xw imkv{Xobtam?

JpB Aimkv{Xobw Xs F Xesn kvt\lkwhmZ (\hw_)nh P. skbvXpaplZv B\bnsd Iv hmbnp. imkv{Xw Bt]nIamWv. \nehnep imkv{Xw Hnsdbpw Anahm. Imew amdpX\pkcnv imkv{X knmfpw amdnsmWvSncnpp. a\pjy\v imkv{X XXz D]tbmKnv hniZoIcnm\mhm ]e hkvXpXIfpw Cpw {]]n Ahtijnpp. Ahsbmpw Aimkv{Xobw Fv _pnbphcmcpw hntijnnn. a\pjy_pn ]cnanXamWv. \qmWvSpIfmbn ]e LfnembmWv a\pjy imkv{Xobamb AdnhpI krjvSnsSpXv. ]WvSv imkv{X kXyw Fv hnizknncp ]e kwKXnIfpw B[p\nI imkv{Xn\v ]cam_fmWv. Cs ]e imkv{X XXzfpw hnizmkfpw \mfs imkv{XPvRv `oam_fmbn ]cnWanp AhkvYbpw DWvSmImw. AXpsImWvSv XsbmWv Amlp a\pjys\ ]Sn]Snbmbn DbnsmWvSv t]mIpw (70:3,4; 71:14, 84:19) Fv JpB {]kvXmhnpXv.
Ccsamcp Imcyw N sNpXn\v apv imkv{Xw Fm FmsWXn\v Hcp \nN\tam hniZoIcWtam IpdnpImc \Inbncpsn DNnXambncpp.
C\n JpB Aimkv{Xobsav kvYm]npXn\v IpImc Dcnncnp JpB kqIvX 51:4, 81:10, 35:41, 71:15, 36:38, 22:65 FnhbmWtm. Cu kqIvX kmlnXy {]hI klIcW kwLw {]km[\w sNbvX alqw kn.F. AlvaZv auehnbpsS JpB ]cn`mj ]cntim[ntm IWvSXv Xmsg sImSppp.
51:4 ""Imcy ]npsImSpp ImpIsf sImWvSpw''
81:10 ""(a\pjycpsS \S]SnI) tcJsSpnb GSpI XpdpshsSptm''
35:41: ""BImi`qanI (AhbpsS kvYm\fn\npw) \ontmImXncnm Ahsb \nb{nv \nnbncnpXv AmlphmWv. Ah cWvSpw (AhbpsS kvYm\fn\npw) \ontmIp ]w Ahsb ]nSnp\npXn\v AmlphmsX ampw IgnbpIbpan. Amlp hfsc henb kl\ioe\pw s]mdpph\pamIpp''.
71:15 ""\n t\mn ImWpnt? GgmImisf ]ckv]cw tbmPnnpsImWvSv Fs\bmWv Amlp krjvSnncnpXv?''
36:38: ""kqcy kvYncambn \np tI{ntev AXv NenpsImWvSncnpp. Fmhscbpw Pbnph\pw kPvR\pamb Amlp hyhkvYsSpnbXmWv AXv''.
22:65: ""\o ImWpnt? `qanbnep Fm hkvXpsfbpw Xsd BPvRv A\pkcnv kap{Zn HmSnsmWvSncnp IepIsfbpw \nv Amlp CXm IogvsSpnncnpp. (A{]Imcw) Xsd A\paXn IqSmsX, BImiw `qanbpsS ta hogpXv Ah XSp\nnsmWvSncnpp. Amlp a\pjytcmSv hfsc Zbbpw Ir]bpw Dh\s{X''.
Cu kqIvXfn FhnsSbmWv Aimkv{XobX? hnIeamb ]cn`mjIfnse hmNI k`n\nv ASnsbSpv A hyXymkw hchw Iqntv \ncnshm AXv ka\tam hnai\tam BhpIbn. tIhew hnhctSv am{XamIpw. 36:38 kqcy Nenppshv ]dbpp. Hw kvYncamb tI{n \nppshpw kucbqYs (solar system) kw_\v[nv t\mptm kqcy Xsd tI{n kvYncambn \npIbpw BImi KwKsb (milky way) kw_\v[nv t\mptm kqcy\pssS kucbqYw samw NenpIbpat?
22:65 BImiw Fv ]dncnpXv \apv Zriyamb taL]mfnIsfb. `qanv D]cntemIp kIe tKmffpw hkvXpfpamWv. Ah `qanbn ]XnmsX kqnpXv kmm ssZhasn amcmWv. Amlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXt]mse a\pjys\ ]Sn]Snbmbn DbnsmWvSphcp Imefn Ccw kwibsfms imkv{Xobambns ]cnlcnsSpsav \apdnbmw. AmsX Amlp Xs Cu "sXsms Xncpn' XcWsav iTnmhXtm.
hmZ kanm ]WvUnXmsc Dcnptm hnjbn AhcpsS tbmKyXbpw {]kvXmh\bpsS k`hpw hnjbnsd kaImeo\ AhkvYbpsams ]cnKW\obw XsbmWv.
\Pnapo, tXmn, Ieq.

hnizmknIfpw hymJym\ Ikpw

\hw_ ew kvt\lkwhmZn hmb\mcpsS kwhmZn {io. tImb ]n. lk atcnbpsS ImWv Cu Ipdnn\m[mcw. B In\nv Hcp Imcyw hyIvXamWv. bpIvXnhmZspdnv kwkmcnm Atlw tbmKy\ FpXv Ckvemw F ISbneqsS am{Xw temIs t\mnmWpXpsImWvSmWv Atln\v ikv{Xspdnv sXmb [mcWI DSseSpm ImcWw. imkv{Xs AXnsd Bhn`mhwapX \JinJmw FXnpIbpw AXns\ Dqe\wsNm Xw]mv \SpIbpw sNp kwLSnX aXhnizmknhrv bpIvXnhmZnI P\fn imkv{Xt_m[w hfm {]NcW \SpIbpw sNptm Acniw tXmpI kzm`mhnIw am{Xw. am{Xa, Cu kwcw`fpsS BXynI eyw aqeyclnXamb Hcp kaqlamWs{X! B[p\nI am\hkaqlw AwKoIcnp a\pjymhImi, AhkckaXzw, enwK\oXn, DZmamb am\hnIX, aX\nct]X, P\m[n]Xyw Fo aqey GsXnepw aXv shfn]mSmbn Cdnhb. adnv a\pjy Ahsd kzX{NnbpsS ^eambn DcpncnphXmWv. ]pXnb am\hnI kwkvmcn\v ASndtbIp Cu aqeyv t\sc hnjw Nop ^Wapbn \ntj[mXvaIambn ]pdwXncnv \npXv kwLSnX shfn]mSv aXfmWv.
\nPoh hkvXpfn\nv Poh D]mZnnsSpsa hkvXpX bmYmyamIphm t]mhpIbmWv. IemIuapZn sabv ew (2001) tUm. laoZv Jm FgpXpp: " B Pohn XmdmIpp. As\sbmcp Pohnsb R ]coWimebn GXmWvSv krjvSnpIgnp Fv ]dbpw. F{Xbpw thKw AXv ]pdphcm t]mIpIbmWv. F{Xbpw thKw AXv ISbn\npw hmnb \nPohamb Nne cmkhkvXp Xn Iqntv krjvSnXv B cmkhkvXp a\pjy\pssSbp Fm PohnIfpsSbpw icocneph XsbmWvv. AXymhiyw thWvSXmb Po\pI Fmw HnptNm AhnsS Poh \mnSpp. PohkrjvSnv icocn BXvamthm atsXnepw ZnhyssNX\ytam thWvS FmWv CXphsc Rv a\knemm IgnnpXv! Cu DZyan\v amKXSkambn Cv \nesImpXv aXw Xsbt {io. tImb ]n. lk.
JpB\nsd (39:5, 55:17, 70:40) apXemb kqIvXfn `qanbpsS tKmfmIrXnsbpdnv kqN\I DWvSs{X. (Fn\mWv ktemI \nbmhmb ssZhw Xsd A\pbmbnIsf C{Xb[nIw IjvSsSppXv? bmsXmcp Aipw CShcpmhn[w `qanbpsS BIrXn tKmfamsWv shfnsSpnqsS) Atm ]c `qansb ]nbp JpB kqIvXfmb (13:14), 15:19,20), 133), 5148, 49), (2131), (1615), (222) Chbn `qansb ]cn FmsX Dcpn F ]cmaiw HcnSpan. Atm ta]d kqIvX A\pIqeambsXs\? BSns\ ]nbmp hymJym\ Ikv XsbmWv kzoIcnncnpXv. cm{Xnsb ]Ien\pta aqSpp F kqIvXamWv Dcp hnZKv ]nSnIqSnbncnpXv. "bpIndp' F ]Zn\v tKmfmIrXnbnep hkvXpsf am{Xw s]mXnbpI Fw IsWvSnbmt]mepw(!) Jpdm\nse `qansb DcpnsbSpm {]bmkwXs. cm{Xn ]Iens\bpw ]I cm{Xnsbbpw FmWv Jpdm\nepXv. `qansb Nppp Fv hnizmkn ]dbpXv Atlnsd kz]v\Zi\w am{Xw. cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw tKmfmIrXnbmsWt AXpsImWvSv hymJym\nm ]q. ]c `qanv apIfn AtKmfmIrXnbn Dbp\np BImiw IWvSv As NnI cm{Xnsb tKmfambn k]nm AXn AXv`pXan. cmhpw ]Iepw DcpWvSmepw `qan ]cpXs InSpsaw.
`utam]cnXes hnXm\hpw sXmnepw hncnpambn ZphymJym\w \Ip Nne ]WvUnXmcpWvSv. `qanbpsS bYm \ne Ahdnbnsw. `qanbpsS D]cnXen 70 iXam\tmfw PemibfmWv (h kap{Z). _mnbp 30 iXam\n hImSpIfpw aeIfpw lna]Xfpw, AKv\n ]Xfpw aWemcWyfpw apw 25 iXam\w hcpw.
IjvSsv `qansb hmktbmKyamm hnXm\nXnsdbpw hncnmnbXnsdbpw sXmnemnbXnsdbpsams Zb\ob kvYnXnbmWnXv? `qan Hcp ]c ]eIt]msebmsWpw a\pjy `mcm AXv Hcp hitv Nmpt]mImXncnm\mWv ]Xshv kpe\w sNpsXpw (2135, 1615) ]dbpXnse _pniq\yX A]mcamWv. temIP\kwJy _n.kn. Hmw \qmWvSn 10 tImSn Fv IcpXpI. {In. h. 21mw \qmWvSn 600 tImSn P\kwJybmbn. 60 Ccn IqSnbnpw aeIfpsS Ftam heptam hnnmsXv? Fnpw `qan Nmpt]mIpntm. `qanv 450500 tImSn hjamWv {]mbw. kpam 50 ew hjv apmWv a\pjy cwKv hcpXpXs. `qanbn ]X kvYm]n Imev Hscm a\pjy\pw `qanbn DWvSmbncpn. 4491 1/2 ew hjw Ignv h a\pjys\bpw sImWvSv `qan NmbmXncnm A{Xbpw hjwapv ]X kvYm]np Fv ]dbpXv _pniq\yXbt? ActmSnsmw appWvSmb a\pjy\pthWvSn Aqdv tImSn sImv apv Npp]gpCvemh\ndpsh `qanbpWvSmn Imp\ntWvS KXntISv "ssZhn'\v DWvSmIptam? Fn AXv Fv ssZhw. bpIvXn bpIvXXbpsS {]mamWnIXsb \ntj[np tImb ]n. lkamsctmsebp "ip KXn'mtcmSv XnpXv arXicocn Huj[{]tbmKw \SpXpt]msebmWv.
tUm. tamdokv _pmbv FgpXnb JpB\pw B[p\nI imkv{Xhpw F sNdp]pkvXIn]dbpXv JpB hymJymXmpw ]cn`mjIpw JpB hmIyfpsS icnbmb Dtiyhpw Jpdm\nep]tbmKn ]ZfpsS icnbmb Ahpw AdnbmXpsImWvSmWs{X sXnmcWIv CShXv. AXpsImWvSv Atlw \Ip hymJym\ kzoIcnm JpBsd alXzw IqSpX shfnsSpsamWv ]dbpXv. CXv F{Xtmfw kXyamsWv JpB\pw lZokpw imkv{Xob hoWn ]Tnp GsXmcmpw hyIvXamIpw.
{]ho CSgnbq, Xriq.