a\pjy\v bmsXmcp N«¡qSpIfpsSbpw BhiyanÃ. FÃm Imcy§fnepw Ah³ kÀhX{´kzX{´\mWv; Asæn BtI­Xp­v F¶ Nn´bn \n¶pamWv ssZh\ntj[mßIamb hmZKXnIsfÃmw ]ndhnsbSp¯Xv. tIÄ¡m³ ckIchpw F¶m XoÀ¯pw Abpàhpamb Hcp hmZas{X bpànhmZw. Hmtcm hyànbnte¡pw a\pjyPohnXhpambn _Ôs¸« Imcy§sf aS¡pIbpw Ahbnse Xocpam\w kmµ À`nIhpw ImenIhpw tZim\pkrXhpambn hyàn kzX{´ambn Xocpam\nt¡­XmsW¶Xpw ChcpsS hmZamWv. bpànhmZnIÄ¡v Hcp XXzimkv{Xtam BZÀis]mcp¯tam amÀKZÀi\tam CÃmsX t]mbXv AXpsIm­v Xs¶bmWv. ASn Øm\]ambn ssZh\ntj[sa¶ an\naw ]cn]mSnbn tbmPn¡mhp¶ Ghcpambpw H¯ptNcpI F¶ coXnbmWv ChÀ¡pÅXv. F¶mÂ, Htc hnjb¯n Xs¶ bpànhmZnIÄ¡v hn`n¶amb A`n{]mbapÅXmbn ImWmw. ssZh\ntj[sa¶ ChcpsS an\naw ]cn]mSnbn t]mepw AXv {]ISamWv.

F´pw \ntj[n¡pI Ffp¸amWv. D­v F¶v ]dbp¶h³ sXfnhpsIm­phtc­Xp­v. B sXfnhpIsfsbÃmw C à Ft¶m Rm³ AwKoIcn¡p¶nà Ft¶m ]dªm \ntj[ambn. ]t£, AÔamb AwKoImcw AcpXv F¶Xv bpànbmsW¶Xpt]mse AÔamb \ntj[hpw bpàaà F¶ Xncn¨dnhn \n¶pamWv \ntj[¯nsâ ImcW§Ä \nc¯m³ ChÀ \nÀ_ÔnXcmIp¶Xv. ssZh¯nsâ hnjb¯n bpànhmZnIfpsS hmZKXnIÄ ]cntim[n¡mw:
tIcf¯nse hmKvkmaÀYytasdbpÅ Hcp bpànhmZnbpambn \S¯nb kwhmZ¯n At±lw D¶bn¨ {][m\ {]iv \w ssZh¯n\v cq]anà F¶XmWv. "Acq]n BsW¶Xn\m ssZh¯n\v icocanÃ, XebnÃ, AXpsIm­v Xs¶ tIÄ¡m³ ImXnÃ, ImWm³ I®nÃ, Nn´n¡m³ Xet¨mdpanÃ. At¸mÄ Cu coXnbnepÅ ssZh¯n\v Adnbmt\m IcpWsN¿mt\m amÀKZÀi\w sN¿mt\m IgnbnÃ' CXmbncp¶p At±l¯nsâ ssZh\ntj[ kzcsa¦n AXym[p\nIXbpsS apJap{Zbmb CâÀs\än kz´w t»mKp­m¡n, NÀhnXNÀhW§fmb hnjb§sf Xm³ Is­¯nb hmZKXnIsf ¶ \ne¡v _p²nPohn Naªv Hcp ae¸pd¯pImc³ \S¯p¶ IkÀ¯pIÄ ckIcamWv. At±lw X\n¡pXs¶ adp]Sn ]dbp¶ IuXpIcamb bpàniq\yX hcnIÄ¡pÅn hmbn¡mhp¶XmWv.

Snbmsâ ssZhs¯¡pdn¨pÅ {]iv \w ssZh¯n\v cq]ap­v F¶XmWv. {]ikvXn t\Sm³ Ckvemans\ Bt£]n¨m aXnsb¶ Ncn{X]camb hkv XpX a\Ênem¡n ssZh¯nsâ KpWhntijW§fnse Hcp \maapÅ Cu ssZh\ntj[n B t]cv Xs¶ D]tbmKn¨v Ckvemans\ Xsâ hnIrXamb `mjsIm­v IcntX¡m³ ]cn{ian¡p¶p. hr¯nsI« {]tbmK§Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶ Ct±lw apkvenwIÄ KmÔnPnsbt¸mse klnjvWpXbpÅhcmIWsa¶v ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p!. k\mX\lnµpXzw PohnX¯n ]IÀ ¯m³ {ian¨v C´y¡v th­Xv Dadnsâ `cWamsWv¶v ]dªv Ahkm\izm k¯n Xsâ Bcm[\maqÀ¯nsb hnfn¨p sIm­v acWw hcn¨ KmÔnPnsb A\pIcn¡m\mWv ssZh\ntj[nbmb Ct±lw Xsâ \ncoizcbpànhmZ¯neqsS kzcq]n¨v apkvenwIÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ Bibw!

CkvemanI {]amW§sf Xsâ _p²nsIm­v hnebncp¯n AhnsS\n¶pw ChnsS\n¶pw tXm­nsbSp¯ AdnhpsIm­v Ct±l¯n\v AÃmlp hn\v cq]aps­¶v Is­¯m\mbn. icn, ]S¨ X¼pcm³ kz´w Ics¯¡pdn¨pw Imens\¡pdn¨pw tIÄhnsb¡pdn¨pw ImgvNsb¡pdn¨pw knwlmk\s¯¡pdn¨psaÃmw ]dbp¶Xv JpÀB\nepw lZoYpIfnepw ImWmhp¶XmWv. {]kvXpX sXfnhpIÄ D²cn¨vsIm­v ssZhw Acq]nbà Ah³ Ah\v A\ptbmPyambhn[w kKpWkImck¼¶\msW¶v ]dªt¸mÄ Hcp bpànhmZnbpsS hmbSªpt]mbn. BsI kaÀYn¨ B\¡mcyw XIÀ¶t¸mgpÅ PmfyX henb Hcp P\k©bw I­XmWv. F¶mÂ, t»mKv bpànhmZnbpsS {]iv\amIs« ssZh¯n\v cq]aps­¶XmWv. At¸mÄ, CuizchnizmknIÄ AhÀ hnizkn¡p¶ ssZhs¯ F§ns\ DÄs¡mÅWsa¶v ssZh\ntj[nIÄ ]Tn¸n¡m³ XpS§p¶psh¶ bpànklaÃm¯ hntcm[m`mkw \mw ChnsSImWp¶p. bpànhmZnItf, \n§fpsS ssZh\ntj[¯nsâ ImcW§fn kp{][m\ambn sIm­ph¶ hnjb¯nÂXs¶ \n§fn {]ISamb `n¶Xbp­v F¶ kXyw AwKoIcn¨v km[ysa¦n bpànklambn Nn´n¡m³ XpS§pI.

CuizchnizmknIÄ ssZhs¯ a\Ênem¡p¶Xv {kjvSmhv F¶ \nebnemWv. {kjvSmhv Ignªm ]ns¶sb Ãmw krjvSnIÄ. A\izcbpÅXpw BZnbpw A´yhpanÃm¯Xpw ssZhoIambXn\v am{XamWv. ssZhnIX F¶ Xv ssZh¯n\v am{Xw tNÀ¶Xpw. hnizmk]camb X¯zimkv{X¯n Gähpw bpàn`{ZamWv Cu AhXcWw. F¶m  A\ntj[yamb Cu kXys¯ hn[nhne¡pIÄ AwKoIcn¡m¯ tXm¶nhmk¯nsâ BfpIfmb bpànhmZnIÄ \ntj[n¡p¶p. Cu hnjbnIamb AhcpsS tNmZyw Gähpw henb a­¯camsW¶v ImWmw. CuizchnizmknIsf Xcn¸Wam¡m³ CXm F¶p ]dªpsIm­v ChÀ tNmZn¡p¶ B aSb³ tNmZyanXmWv, "ssZhs¯ Bcm Wv krjvSn¨Xv?'. ssZhhnizmknIÄ {kjvSmhmb ssZhs¯bmWv AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv. Ah³ krjvSn¡s¸«psh ¶v h¶m ]ns¶ krjvSnbpsS Øm\amWv Ah\pÅXv. At¸mÄ {kjvSmhns\¡pdn¨pÅ kwkmc¯n\nSbn krjvSnsb¡pdn¨v tNmZn¡pIsb¶Xv H¶pIn hnUvVn¯amWv Aæn X{´]camb Hgnªpamäw.

{]]©sa§s\bp­mbn F¶p tNmZn¨m ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hnizmknIÄ¡pÅ hnizmk¯nse X¯zimkv{Xs¯ asämcpXe¯n ChÀ ]n³]äp¶Xv ImWmw. ChÀ ]dbpw "iq\yXbn \n¶p cq]w sIm ­ BZna IW§Ä tI{µoIcn¡s¸«v Hcp BZna]nÞw D­mhpIbpw {Ita W AXv s]m«ns¯dn¨v \mep]mSpw NnXdpIbpw A§s\ Ime´tcW {]]©w cq]s¸SpIbpamWp­mbXv'. Npcp¡¯n BZnbnÃm¯, kzbw`qhm b Hs¶¶ÀYw. ChÀ¡v ]ZmÀY§fpw IWnIIfpw kzbw`qhmImsa¶v hniz kn¡msa¦n AtXXe¯n \n¶v sIm­v Xs¶ BZnbpw A´yhpw CÃm¯ {kjvSmhn hnizkn¡m³ hnizmknIÄ¡pw Ignbp¶p. ChnsS {it²bamb Imcyw bpànhmZnIfpsS "kzbw`q' ]ZmÀYw \izcamWv F¶XmWv. F¶m {kjvSmhmb ssZh¯n\v BZnbpw A´yhpanà F¶ XoÀ¯pw A\nXcamb hyXncnàXbp­v. Gähpw kp`{Zhpw kphyàhpw bpànk¼qÀWhpamb BibKXn hnizmknIfptSXmWv F¶Xv a\Ênem¡m³ AXn_p²nbpsS Bhiyanà Xs¶. ssZhap­v F¶v AÔhnizmksa¦n BZna]nÞhpw BZnaIWhpw Xmt\ D­mbn F¶Xv HcÔhnizmkaÃmsX asäm¶paÃ.

F´mWv bpàn?
a\pjysâ _p²nbpsS ]cnanXn Ah³ sa\sªSp¯ imkv{X¯n t]mepw ImWmhp¶XmWv. a\pjy\p­m¡nb KWnXimkv{X¯n ]qPy s¯ aqeyclnXsat¶m iyq\ysat¶m KWn¨phcp¶p. kXy¯n ]qPya§s\bmtWm? \Käohv kwJyIsf¶ ]qPy¯nt\¡mÄ sNdnb Awi§sf¡mÄ hepsX¶ \ne¡v ]qPyw iyq\y tam aqeyclnXtam AÃ. aqeyiyq\ysa¶m hen¸sNdp¸w ]dbm\mhm¯ AhØbmIWw F¶XmWv bpànbpsS XmÂ]cyw. F¶m AXns\¡m Ä sNdpXv þiy\Xsb¡mÄ sNdp¸sa ¶ AhØþ iyq\yXsb¡mÄ hen¸sa¶ A\´amb km[yX¡v Xpeyambn D­v F¶v hcpt¼mÄ ]qPyw iyq\yamIptam? aqeyclnXamIptam? F¶m ]qPys¯ iq\yam¡n KWn¡msX asämcp Xe¯n AhXcn¸n¡m³ Ignbm¯hn[w \½psS _p²n ]cnanXamWv. ]qPy¯n\pw sXm«Sp¯ ]qÀWkwJybmb (sNdpLSI§Ä tNÀ¶v ]qÀWambn F¶ AÀY¯nÂ) H¶n\pw CSbn hcp¶ kwJyIsf t\m¡q. ]qPysat¸mgmWv H¶v BbXv. þ1 Ft¸mgmWv ]qPyambXv? F{XkwJyIÄ AXn\nSbn D­mbncp¶p? Hcp A\´XsIm­v (infinitive/á) Xr]vXnbStb­ \mw F{X Al¦mcnbmbncn¡p¶p! ChnsS X¯zw F´msW¶v sh¨m IrXyamb AdnhpIÄ ¡nSbn hyàambn AhXcn¸n¡m³ a\pjy_p²n¡v ]cnanXnIfpÅ A\´amb AdnhpIfp­v F¶XmWv. Cu Adnhns\bmWv Hcpthf hnizmkw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. AXmbXv hnizmksa¶Xv þ1 Dw ]qPyhpw H¶pw FÃmw t]mse asämcp Xe¯nepÅ bmYmÀYyapÅ kwKXnbmWv F¶v kmcw. BbXv sIm­v Xs¶bmWv hnizmknIÄ krjvSnbneqsS {kjvSmhns\ AdnbpI F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. A§s\ Adnbmt\ XcapÅpsh¶v a\pjy_p²nbpsS ]cnanXn Adnbp¶ {kjvSmhv {]kvXmhn¡p¶Xv. Cu Adnhv PvRm\ambn hfÀ¶v hnizmk¯nse¯n A\phÀ¯\§fmbn ]pd¯v hcpt¼mÄ a\pjy\v kz´w k¯ Xncn¨dnª, bpàn`{ZXbpÅ hn\oX\mIm³ klPohnIsfbpw {]]©s¯bpw kaqls¯bpw btYmNnXw KWn¡p¶ \c\mIm³ Ignbp¶p.

kzbw `qhmb IWnIIfneqsS {]]©ap­mbn Poh\p­mbn F¶n§s\ hnizkn¡p¶ ssZh\ntj[nbpw BZn bpw A´yhpanÃmsX a\pjysâ _u ²nIamb ]cnanXnIfn cq]IÂ]\ sN¿m³ Ignbm¯ {kjvSmhmb ssZh¯n hnizkn¡p¶ CuizchnizmknIfpw AhcpsS {]mtbmKnIPohnXXe¯n F{]Imcw IgnªpIqSp¶psh ¶v hnebncpt¯­Xp­v. kmaqlnIPohnbmWv a\pjy³ F¶Xn\m Ah sâ PohnX¯n N«h«§fpw [mÀanIXbpw A\nhmcysa¶v ssZhhnizmknIÄ Dd¨p hnizkn¡p¶p. am{XaÃ, hyàamb [mÀanI kZmNmcw ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw AX\phÀ¯n¡m³ a\pjy krjvSn¸nsâ ]cnanXnIÄ sh¨psIm­v Ignhn³]Sn ]cn{ian¡pIbpw sN¿p ¶p. F¶m ChnsS bpànhmZnIÄ¡v ]dbm\pÅXv [mÀanIXsb¶m a\pjy³ Pohn¡p¶ {]tZi¯v \ne\n ¡p¶ \nba imk\IÄ A\pkcn¡pIsb¶XmWv. AtX \nanjw Xs¶ Cu hmZw XnckvIcn¡p¶hscbpw Chcn ImWmw. ImcWw HcmfpsS bpànbà asämcmÄ¡v F¶ bpànhmZ¯n sâ ASnØm\ inesb XInSw adn¡p¶ X¯zw \ne\n¡p¶p F¶Xm Wv. ]t£, s]mXpsh {]ISn¸n¡s¸«n«pÅXpw kwhmZþNÀ¨mthfIfn ]dbs¸Sp¶Xpamb X¯zw ChnsS NÀ¨sN¿s¸Sp¶psh¶v am{Xw. At¸mÄ IpSpw_w F¶ Bibw F§s\bp­mbn F¶ tNmZyw BZyw Dbcp¶p. DS³ {]IrXnsb kzbw AdnbmsX ]qPn¡p¶ bpànhmZn arK§Ä¡v t\ sc hnc Nq­p¶p. AÑ\pw A½bpw Ip«nIfpambn arK§Ä Ignbp¶p. ]cnWma¯neqsS _p²n hnIkn¨ a\pjy³ ]cnNb§fneqsS AXv \ne\nÀ ¯nt¸m¶p F¶nhÀ ]dbp¶p. ssewKnIXsb¡pdn¨v ChÀ¡v ]dbm\pÅXpw AXv Xs¶bmWv. arK§Ä F{]ImcamtWm ssewKnIXrjvW ian¸n¡p¶Xv, hÀKkÔmcWw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xv A{]Imcw Xs¶ kzm`mhnIhpw {]IrXn]chpambn a\pjy\pw Ignbs« F¶XmWv AhcpsS X¯zw. D`bk½X{]ImcapÅ ssewKnImkzmZ\¯n\v hnhmlw XSÊambn \n¶pIqSm F¶v Xpds¶gpXnbhcmWv ChÀ. kXy¯n CsXmcp KoÀhmWamWv. Imc Ww amXmhv,]nXmhv, k´m\w, cà_Ôw XpS§nb bmsXmcp ]cnKW\bpanÃm¯ PohnIfpsS ssewKnIXbn kzhÀKcXnbpw {]IrXn hncp² cXnbpanà Xs¶. F¶m CsXÃmw A\phZn¡p¶ Xe¯nte¡v tZim\pkmcw a\pjy³ "hfcpI'F¶XmWv bpànhmZnIfpsS s]mXpNn´. ""I¡qkn t]mIm\pw ssZh\nÀtZitam?''F¶v tNmZn¨p Ifnbm¡p¶ ChcpsS kZmNmc¯n\pÅ \nÀhN\w ImWpI: "a\pjykaql¯nsâ amä¯n\v hnt[bambn AXmXv kmaqlyLS\bn P\hn`mKw Is­¯p¶ s]mXpacymZIÄ¡pw kpJ¯n\pw th­nbpÅ Nne \nba§fmWv kmZmNmcwsIm­v hnh£n¡p¶Xv'. BÀ¡pw F§s\bpw hymJym\n¡pIbpw D]tbmKn¡pIbpw sN¿mhp¶ Cu \nÀhN\w BtKmfa \pjymhImi \nba§fn Du¶n\n¶psIm­v bpànhmZw ]dbp¶ Hcp ssZh\ntj[nbptSXmWv. Npcp¡n¸dªm "tdmanembm tdma¡msct¸mse' F¶ AhØ. tIcf¯nse ]nXmhpw ]p{Xnbpw tIm¸³ lmKWnse¯nbm _o¨n InS¶v cXn kpJamkzZn¡mw. Atacn¡bnembm Rm³ \n§fpsSbpw `mcybmWv F¶p Å \bw. ImcWw [mÀanIX F¶Xv ChcpsS `mjbn Bt]£nIw am{Xw. C§s\ kIetaJeIfnepw ChÀ¡v IrXyamb amÀK\nÀtZianÃ. F¶pam{XaÃ, hnIehpw {]IrXnhncp²hpw am\hnIXsb Xpc¦w sh¡p¶XpamWv ChcpsS X¯zimkv{X§Ä. C§s\ imkv{Xhpw Ncn{Xhpw aXhpw kwkvImchpw kZmNmchpw [mÀanIXbpsam¶pw IrXyambn a\Ênem¡m¯ hnIek¦ Â]§fpsS BfpIfmWv IrXyamb hn[nhne¡pItfmsS Pohn¡p¶ A§s\bmIm³ {]t_m[\w sN¿p¶ CuizchnizmknIsf DÂt_m[\w sN¿p¶Xv.

Ckvemans\Xnsc F¶pw ChÀ¡v Bbncw \mhpIfmWpÅXv. JpÀB\nse imkv{Xob A_²§sf¶v ]dªv IrkvXy³ anj\dnIfpw aäpw Nh¨pXp¸nbXv bpàniq\yambn hngp§p¶ the ChcpsS Øncw ]WnbmWv. Ckvemans\XnscbpÅ GXp ]p s¡mSnbpw Bbp[am¡n tImamfnthjw BSp¶ ChÀ ]t£ ]dª s]m«¯cw BhÀ¯n¡m³ aSnImWn¡mdpanÃ. CsXmcp ]s£ Ko_Âknb³ Nn´bnse bpàn ISwsIm­XmImw.

{`qWimkv{Xhpw JpÀB\pw
JpÀB³ Hcp imkv{X]T\{KÙasænepw AXv {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ imkv{XX¯z§Ä hkvXp\njvTambn A_²sa¶v sXfnbn¡m³ Cu AXym[p\nI bpK¯nepw Ignbp¶nsöXv AXnsâ ssZhnIX¡v sXfnhv \ÂIp¶ H¶mWv. JpÀB\ntIXc{KÙ§sf ]T\hnt[bam¡nbm AXnse A{]mtbmKnIXbpw A_²§fpw sshcp[yhpw Is­¯m³ \nanj§Ä aXnbmIp¶XmWv. F¶m 1500 hÀjt¯mfambn JpÀB\n CXn\v ]mSps]Sp¶ PqXss{IkvXh Iq«psI«n\v Ct¶mfw Fs´¦nepsam¶v AÆn[w kXykÔambn AhXcn¸n¡m³ Ignªn«nÃ. {`qWimkv{Xkw_Ônbmb JpÀB\nse ]cmaÀi§sf sam¯ambn ]cnKWn¡msX X§Ä¡v hnaÀin¡m\mIpsa¶v tXm¶p¶ `mKw ASÀ¯nsbSp¯v AklnjvWpXbpsS ]mcay¯n hr¯nlo\amb {]tbmK§fneqsS Iqc¼pIÄ sXmSp¯phnSp¶ ChcpsS hmZKXnIfpsS \nPØnXn ]cntim[n¡mw.

]cnip² JpÀB\n a\pjykrjv Snsb¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶ hN\§Ä ]cntim[n¨m CXn\Iw sXfnbn¡s¸«p Ignª imkv{XkXy§fpambh hn tbmPn¡p¶nà F¶p ImWmw. BZya\pjy\mb BZansâbpw lÆbpsSbpw krjvSn HgnsI aäp krjvSnIsf¡pdn¨v JpÀB³ {]tbmKn¨Xv sXdn¨p hogp¶ shůn (amD³ Zm^nJv)\n¶v, _oP (\pXv^)¯n \n¶pw, shůnsâ k¯n \n¶v (kpeme¯n³ an³ amC³)IqSn¡eÀ¶ _oP¯n \n¶v (\pXv^¯n³ AwimPn³) F¶n§s\bmWv. CXn ]{´­n Ipdbm¯ XhW \pXv^bn \n¶v F¶ {]tbmKamWpÅXv. Cu {]tbmK§fn hnaÀin¡m³ Xcw In«nbXpw hen b B\¡mcyambn FSp¯pbÀ¯n hna Àin¡p¶Xpw sXdn¨p hogp¶ AYhm kvJen¨v hcp¶ shůn \n¶v F¶ kqd: XzmcnJnse {]tbmKamWv. hN\w C§s\ hmbn¡mw: "F¶m a\pjy³ Nn´n¨p t\m¡s« Xm³ F´n \n¶mWv krjvSn¡s¸«ncn¡p ¶Xv F¶v. sXdn¨p hogp¶ Hcp {ZmhI ¯n \n¶s{X Ah³ krjvSn¡s¸ «ncn¡p¶Xv. apXpsIÃn\pw, hmcnsbÃp IÄ¡panSbn \n¶v AXv ]pd¯p hcp¶p'' (86:5þ7)

bpànhmZn Cu ssZhnIhN\s¯¡pdn¨v FgpXnbXv hrjW¯n \n¶pÂ]mZn¸n¡s¸Sp¶ _oPs¯¡pdn¨v AdnhnÃm¯ AÃmlphpw Xsâ ImeL«¯nse AÔhnizmks¯am{Xw Adnbmambncp¶ apl½Zv \_n bpw IqSn ]dª imkv{X a­¯csa¶mWv. hrjWw apXpIntem? F¶mWv Snbmsâ tNmZyw.

tcXÊv hrjW¯n \nt¶m?
bpànhmZnbpsS ssZh\ntj[mßIimkv{Xt_m[w F¯n\n¡p¶Xv ip¢kvJe\w hrjW¯n \n¶msW¶nS¯mWv. JpÀBs\§m\pw hrjW¯n \n¶pw sXdn¨phogp¶ shůn \n¶pw a\pjy³ krjvSn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶psh¶v ]dªncp¶psh¦n Cu bpànhmZn¡v kzoImcyamIpambncp¶psh¦nepw FÃmw kq£vaam bn Adnbp¶ ]S¨h³ A¯csamcp hÀ¯am\w ]dbp¶panÃ. tcXÊv BI s« _oPmWphmIs« sXdn¨phogp¶Xv hrjW¯n \n¶Ã Xs¶. At¸mÄ hrjW¯nsâ [Àaw? ]cntim[n¡mw:

hrjW¯nsâ DÂ`hw:
Hcp Ipªv {`qWmhØbnembncns¡, ]pcpjþkv{Xo {]XypÂ]mZ\ hyqlw sKmWmUpIÄ (Gonads) F¶ Hcp tPmUn tImikaql¯nemWv ImWs¸Sp¶Xv. AXv cq]s¸Sp¶Xv \s«Ãnsâbpw ]Xns\m¶v, ]{´­v amsdÃpIfpIfpsSbpw (Ribs) CSbn \n¶pw hr¡bpsS AcnIn \n¶pambns¡m­mWv. _oPk¦e\w \S¶v \mÂ]Xmas¯ Znhkw ]pcpj_oP¯n Y t{Imatkmw Ds­¦n AXn se SRY Po³ {]hÀ¯n¸n¡s¸SpIbpw X¶nan¯w ]pcpjtlmÀamWmb sSÌ kvsätdm¬ D­mIpIbpw A§s\ Cu sKmWmUpIÄ hrjW§fmbn amdpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Ggmas¯ amkw Ah C³Kzn\ I\m (Inguinal canal) F¶ hnShneqsS ]pd¯ph¶v hrjWk©nbn InS¡p¶p. Cu hr jW¯nepÅ tImi§fn _oPmWp D­mIphm\pÅ tImi§Ä (Primordial germ cells) D­mbncn¡pw Ch hn`Pn¡s¸SpIbpw hfcpIbpw _oPmWphmbn cq]m´cs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp hrjvW¯n \n¶v ]pd¯p IS¶v hrjWt¯mSv tNÀ¶v ImWp¶ AXy[nIw NpcpfpIfpÅ F¸nUnUnankn InS¡p¶p. CXnsâ XpSÀ¨bmbn ImWp¶ _oPhmln\n¡pg C³Kzn\ I\meneqsS AI¯v {]thin¨v aq{Xk©n¡v apIfneqsS h¶p skan\ shkn¡nÄ, Iut¸gvkv {KÙn t{]mssÌäv {KÙn F¶nhbneqsS IS¶pt]mbn aq{X\mfnbpambn tNÀ¶v enw K¯nse¯p¶p. HcmÄ¡v ssewKntIm t¯P\ap­mIpt¼mÄ F¸nUnUnanknepw _oPhmln\n¡pgenepw cq]s¸Sp¶ t]ioNe\§Ä \nan¯w _oPm Wp skan\ shkn¡nfn F¯n AhnsS hn{ian¡p¶p. Cu kab¯v skan\ shkn¡nÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡p ¶ {khamWv ip¢¯nsâ Adp]Xv iXam\¯ne[nIhpw. _oP¯n\v Bhiyamb DuÀPhpw [mXpehW§fpsaÃmw CXpÄs¡mÅp¶p. ChnsS \n¶pamWv ssewKnIthgvNbpsS ]cnkam]vXnbn ip¢w sXdn¨phogp¶Xv. Cu skan\ shkn¡nÄ ØnXn sN¿p¶Xv t{imWnbnse(Pelvis) A ØnIÄ¡v AcnInemWv. A§s\ t\m¡pt¼mÄ icoc hn`P\¯n Xe, amdv, DZcw F¶Xnse DZc¯nsâ Ahkm\`mKamb t{imWnbnse AØnbpsSbpw (Sacralvertebrae)AXn\ptijw hcp¶ AØnk©bamb amsdÃpIfpsSbpw CSbnemWv skan\Âshkn¡n Ä ImW¸Sp¶Xv (Nn{Xw ImWpI) Cu Øm\s¯ kw_Ôn¡p¶ "ss_\ÊzpÂ_n h¯dmC_n' F¶ {]tbmKhpw "amC³ Zm^nJv' (sXdn¨phogp¶ shÅw) F¶ {]tbmKhpw Gsd IrXyX \ÂIp¶ hnhcW§fmWv. "ss_\ÊzpÂ_n h¯dmC_n' F¶Xn\v ]Icw "ss_\¯dmC_n hÊzpÂ_n' F¶mbncp¶psh¦n amsdÃpIfneqsS Hen¨nd§n apXpsIÃn kzcq]n¡s¸«v ]pd¯phcp¶ shÅw F¶v bpànhmZn \ncq]n¨ AÀYw e`n¡pambncp¶p. At¸mÄ {InkvXy³ anjWdnamÀ Btcm]n¡p¶Xpt]mse ip¢mWphn \n¶pw Ipªp­mIp¶psh¶ {Ko¡pImcpsS hnizmkw, {Ko¡pImcpambn _Ôap­mbncp¶ GtXm _ÔphneqsS \_n¡v In«nbXmWv F¶ hÀ¯am\hpw AXns\ asämcp coXnbn AhXcn¸n¡p¶ bpànhmZnbpsS hÀ¯am\hpaà Cu ssZhnIhN\¯nepÅ sX¶v kmcw.

CXv Cu hN\¯nsâ {]Xy£amb hniZoIcWamsW¦n ap¼v kqNn¸n¨ hrjtWmÂ`h{]{Inbsb ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpw hrjW¯n\pw skan\ shkn¡nfn\pw e`n¡p¶ cà]cyb\¯nsâbpw BthK§fpsSbpw coXnsb ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpw ]e cpw hniZoIcn¨pÅXpw Cu Bb¯n\v hncp²aà F¶p ImWmw. F¶m {]Xy£amb AÀYw Xs¶ Gsd hyàhpw IrXyhpambncns¡ k¦oÀ WXbnte¡v t]mtI­Xnsö Hc`n{]mbw ]dbmsa¶Xv am{XamWv Cu B[p\nI hniZoIcW§fn Btcm]n¡mhp¶ Hcp \yq\X.

_oP k¦e\w
]cnip²JpÀB\nse 76þmw A[ym bw C³km\nse 2þmas¯ hN\w kwibteiat\y _oPk¦e\s¯¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶p­v. "IqSnt¨À¶p­m b Hcp _oP¯n \n¶v XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw a\pjys\ krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p' (76:2)

ChnsS "\pXv^¯n³ AwimPn³' F¶mWv JpÀB\nsâ {]tbmKw. ap¼v {]Xn]mZn¨ hnjb¯n hnaÀi\¯n\mbn D]cn¹hsa¦nepw Hcp ]T\w \S¯nb hnaÀiIÀ \pXv^, AwimPv XpS§nb hm¡pIfpsS AÀYhpw IqSn ]Tn¡pI. Ad_n`mjm \nL­p¡fnepw JpÀB³ hymJym\{KÙ§fnepw \pXv^ F¶Xn\v kv{Xoþ]pcpj _oP§Ä F¶ AÀYamWv \ÂInbn«pÅXv. aebmf¯n s]mXpsh _oPw F¶p ]dbp¶Xp t]mepÅ ]ZamWv \pXv^. Cu hymJym\w \ÂInbXv \_n(k) Xs¶bmWv. Hcp A³ kmcn kv{Xo(D½pkpssew) kv{XoIfpsS kvJe\s¯¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ hn[nsb¡pdn¨pw tNmZn¨t¸mÄ \_n (k) \ÂInb adp]Snbn "kv{XoIÄ¡v _oPansæn ]ns¶sb§s\bmWv Ipªn\v amXmhnsâ KpWKW§Ä e`n¡p¶Xv?' F¶p tNmZn¡p¶p­v. (_pJmcn, apkvenw). Cu lZoYnsâ XpS¡¯n kv{Xo¡v kvJe\ap­mbm Ipfn¡Wsa¶v \_n(k) ]dbp¶Xm bn ImWmw. kv{Xo¡v kvJe\tam F¶ tNmZyw `mcy Bbni(d) D¶bn¨Xpt]mse Ghcpw Ct¸mgpw tNmZn¡mdp­v. F¶m ASp¯nsSbp­mb KthjW¯nsâ `mKambn kv{XoIÄ¡v kvJe\ap­v F¶v sXfnbn¡s¸«pIgnªp. kv{Xoþ]pcpj ssewKnImhbh§fn kZricq]§Ä (Homologous structures) Ds­¶Xv Adnbs¸« imkv{XhkvXpXbmWv. AXnsem¶mb kv{Xo t{]mssÌäv {KÙn(Female Prostate gland/ Sken'es gland) cXnaqÀOmthfbn Hcp {khw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶p­v. BZyw CXv aq{XamsW¶mWv hnizkn¨ncp¶Xv. F¶m AXns\ cmk]cntim[\¡v hnt[bam¡nbt¸mÄ ]pcpjtcXÊn\v kam\amb cmkkz`mhamWnXn\pÅsX¶v Is­¯pIbp­mbn. Nne kv{XoIfn am{Xw AanX Afhn ImWp¶ Cu {ZmhI¯n\v {]Xyp Â]mZ\hpambn _Ôaps­¶v a\Ênem¡s¸Sp¶nÃ.

JpÀB\nse {]tbmKw Cu hnjbIambn "amD³ AwimPp³' F¶Ã, "\pXv^¯p³ AwimPp³' F¶msW ¶Xv {]tXyIw {it²bamWv. At¸mÄ Cu lZoYn ]dbs¸« kv{Xo]mc¼ cyw Ipªn\v \ÂIp¶ amXr_oPhpw ]pcpj]mc¼cyw \ÂIp¶ ]nXr_oP hpw kwtbmPn¨v F¶ AÀYamWv JpÀB\pw lZoYpw tNÀ¯phmbn¨m e`n¡p¶Xv. CXn \n¶pw ]pw_oP¯n \n¶pw Ipªp­mIpsa¶ tdma¡mcpsS \_n(k)¡v tijw Hcp \qämt­mfw \ne\n¶ A_²imkv{Xaà JpÀB³ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv F¶v hyàw.

lZoYnsâ bpàn clnX ZpÀhymJym\w:
JpÀB\nse 23þmw A[ymbw "A apAvan\q³' se 12 apX 14 hscbpÅ kqà§fpsS hniZoIcWambn h¶ _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw D²cn¨ lZoYv t»mKv bpànhmZn X¶njvS{]Imcw XÀPa sNbvXXv ImWpI: ""\n§fpsS amXmhnsâ hbän \n§fpsS krjvSn ]e L«§fnembmWv \S¡p¶Xv. \mÂ]Xv Znhkw C{µnb¯pÅnbmbn, A{Xbpw Imew cà¡«bmbn, ]n¶oSv A{Xbpw Imew amwk]nÞambn. ]n¶oSv Ah¦tes¡mcp ae¡ns\ \n tbmKn¡pw. ae¡v Ah\v Poh³ Du Xpw. XpSÀ¶v Ahs\¸än \mepImcy§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯m³ IÂ]n¡pw. A t¸mÄ ae¡v Ahsâ BtcmKyw Bbp Êv, {]hÀ¯\§Ä, tijw Ah³ ]ctemI¯v hnPbntbm ]cmPnXt\m F¶ Imcyhpw tcJs¸Sp¯pw'' C¯csamcp XÀPa FhnsS \n¶pIn«n F¶dnbnÃ. F´mbmepw, lZoYn F´mWpÅsX¶v t\m¡mw. A_vZpÃmlv (d) \nthZ\w: \_n(k)þAhnSp¶v kXykÔ\pw kXykÔambn AwKoIcn¡s¸« Hcp alm\pamWvþ Acpfn. \n§fn Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw krjvSn ¸v amXmhnsâ KÀ`mib¯n kamlcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv \mÂ]Xv Znhkw sIm ­mWv. AtX ImeL«¯n AXv Hcp "AeJ'(cà¡«)bmWv. AtX ImeL«¯n AXv "apfvK' (amwk]nÞw) amWv. ]n¶oSv \mep IÂ]\IÄ \ÂIns¡m­v AÃmlp Hcp ae¡ns\ Ab¡p¶p. Ahsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä, Blmcw, BbpÊv, Ah³ (]ctemI¯v) hnPbntbm ]cmPnXt\m F¶ Imcyw ChsbÃmw tcJs¸Sp¯m³ IÂ]n¡s¸Spw. A\´cw dqlv DuXs¸Spw......(_pJmcn, apkvenw). bpànhmZn ]dªXpt]mse C{µnb¯pÅnbmbn \mÂ]Xv Znhkw InS¡psat¶m asämcp \mÂ]Xv Znhkw cà¡«bmbpw asämcp \mÂ]Xv Znhkw amwk]nÞambpw Fs¶m¶pw lZoYnenÃ. F¶m Cu lZoYns\ Nne ]ÞnXÀ NÀ¨ sNbXpsIm­v 120 Znhk¯nsâ IW¡v AhcpsS A`n{]mbambn ]dªn«ps­¦nepw \_n(k) A§s\ ]dªn«nÃ. ImcWw kzlo lv apkvenan JZvdn(hn[n)sâ A[ymb¯n H¶maXmbn D]cnkqNnX lZoYpw AXns\¯pSÀ¶v 7þmfw lZoYpIÄ CtXhnjb¯n thsdbpw ImWmw. AhbnseÃmw Xs¶ 40,42, 45,40 ]cw Zn\§Ä F¶n§s\bpÅ {]tbmK§Ä am{XamWpÅXv. apkven anse lZoYv \¼À 6666 _pJmcnbnse lZoYnse BZyhmNIw am{XamWv. 6667  40 Hm 45 Hm cm{Xnbn ae¡v `mKyZuÀ`mKy§fpw enwK\nÀWbhpw \S¯psa¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. 6668  42þmas¯ Znhkw ae¡v krjvSn¸nsâ `mKambn sNhnbpw I®pIfpw cq]s¸Sp¯psa¶p ]dbp¶Xv ImWmw. 6670  40þmw Znhkw ae¡v {`qW¯n\v IrXyamb cq]w \ÂIpIbpw enwK\nÀ Wbhpw aäp Imcy§fpw \S¯psa¶v ]dbp¶Xmbn hmbn¡mhp¶XmWv. 6671  KÀ`]m{X¯n \nbanX\mb ae¡v \mÂ]Xn ]cw Zn\§fn enwK\nÀWbhpw aäp hn[nIfpw \S¯p¶Xmbn ]dbp¶p. 6672  Zn\§fpsS IW¡v H¶pw Xs¶ ]dbp¶nÃ. Cu lZoYpIsf sam¯¯n hnebncp¯pt¼mÄ In«p¶ Bibw _oPk ¦e\w \S¶v knàmÞw KÀ`]m{X¯n F¯pt¼mÄ ae¡p \ntbmKn¡s¸Sp¶psh¶pw ]ns¶ AeJbpw apfvKbpw BbXn\v tijw \mÂ]Xn Â]cw ZnhkamIpt¼mÄ(Ggmas¯ BgvN) ae¡v AXns\ Hcp krjvSnbpsS FÃm Ahbh§fpapÄs¡mÅp¶ {]Yacq]¯nte¡v amäpsa¶pw AtX \mÂ]Xmw Znhkw Xs¶ CXn sâ enwK\nÀWbw \S¡psa¶pamWv. Cu Bibw Xs¶bmWv hnaÀiI³ ZpÀhymJym\n¡m³ D]tbmKn¨ lZoYnsâ H¶mas¯ hmNI¯nepapÅXv. adn¨v HcÀYw \ÂIp¶psh¦n B lZoYv AXnsâ, ASp¯ hmNI§tfmSpw XpSÀ¶phcp¶ 7 lZoYpIÄ ¡pw hncp²amIpIbpw sN¿pw. am{XaÃ, A[ymbw lÖv se 5þmw hN\¯n\v hncp²amb hÀ¯am\hpw BIpw. ""a\pjytc, DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â ]ns\¸än \n§Ä kwib¯nem sW¦n ( BtemNn¨v t\m¡pI:) XoÀ ¨bmbpw \mamWv \n§sf a®n \n¶pw, ]n¶oSv _oP¯n \n¶pw, ]n¶oSv {`qW¯n \n¶pw, A\´cw cq]w \ÂIs¸«Xpw cq]w \ÂIs¸Sm ¯Xpamb amwk]nWvU¯n \n¶pw krjvSn¨Xv'' (22:5). 120 Znhksa¶v NÀ¨ sNbvX ]ÞnX³amÀ A§s\ ]dbm\pÅ ImcWambn ]dbp¶Xv, krjvSn cq]s¸SmsX dqlv k¶nthin¸n¡s¸SpIbnà F¶Xn\m cq]w D­mIms\Sp¡p¶ CSthf (120 Znh kw) F¶s{X. F¶m AhcpsS A`n{]mb¯nse 120þmas¯ Znhkhpw lZoYns\ A§s\ hymJym\n¨m {`qWw shdpw apfvK(amwk]nÞw)bpsS cq]¯nembncp¶psh¶v hcnIbpw sN¿pw. BbXn\m Â, 22:5 hN¯nsâbpw apkven anse D]cnkqNnXlZoYpIfpsSbpw _pJmcnbnse lZoYnsâ H¶mw hmNI¯nsâ Xs¶ XmÂ]cya\pkcn¨pw 120 Znhkw F¶v KWn¡m³ km[yaÃ. F¶m apkvenan se lZoYn h¶ t]mse \mÂ]Xmas¯ ZnhkamWv Y t{Imatkmanse SRY Po³ {]hÀ¯\£aambn BWpw adns¨¦n s]®pambns¡m ­v enwK\nÀWbw kw`hn¡p¶sX¶ Imcyw imkv{Xobambpw sXfnbn¡¸«XmWv.

CXn\p]pdsa, A[ymbw "kPZ' 7 apX 9 hscbpÅ hN\§Ä _oPk¦e\¯nsâbpw hfÀ¨bpsSbpw kq £vaamb hniZoIcWw \ÂIp¶p­v. ""Xm³ krjvSn¨ FÃm hkvXp¡sfbpw hnin jvSam¡nbh\s{X Ah³. a\pjysâ krjvSn Ifna®n \n¶v Ah³ Bcw`n¨p. ]ns¶ Ahsâ k´Xnsb \nÊmcamb Hcp shůnsâ k¯n \n¶v Ah³ D­m¡n. ]ns¶ Ahs\ icn bmb cq]¯nem¡pIbpw, Xsâ hIbmbpÅ BXvamhv Ah\n DuXp Ibpw sNbvXp. \n§Ä¡h³ tIÄhn bpw ImgvNIfpw lrZb§fpw D­m¡n ¯cnIbpw sNbvXp. Ipd¨v am{Xta \n§Ä \µn ImWn¡p¶pÅq''

"Hcp shůnsâ k¯n \n¶v' F¶Xn\v "kpeme¯p³ an³ amC³ aCu³' F¶mWv JpÀB\nsâ {]tbmKw. CXv _oPk¦e\¯nsâ ]cnkam]vXnsb ¡pdn¡p¶Xpw _oPtImi§fpsS [Àa]qÀ¯oIcWs¯ ImWn¡p¶Xpamb {]tbmKamWv. _oP§fpsS k¯v F¶Xv Ahbnse aÀahpw(Necleus) AXnse hkvXp¡fpw (t{ImatkmapIÄ) BWv. ]pw_oP¯nsâ aÀahpw AÞ¯nsâ aÀahpw X½nemWv icnbmb IqSn¡ece D­mhp¶Xv. AÞ¯n {]thin¡p¶ ]pw_oPaÀahpw AÞtImiaÀahpw apJmapJw \o§pIbpw IqSn¡ecpIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv. CXns\ {`qWimkv{X¯n Bw^nanIvknkv (Amphimixis) F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. C{Xbpw IrXyambn _oP§fpsS k¯v IqSn¡ecpIbpw ]n¶oSXv krjvSnbmbn kwhn[m\n¡s¸SpIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv F¶ JpÀB\nsâ IrXyamb Cu imkv{Xob AhXcWw At¶mfw Hcp {KÙw t]mepw ]dbpItbm GsX¦nepw Hcp imkv{Xw \ncq]n¡pItbm sNbvXXmbn sXfnhnÃ. am{XaÃ, kv{Xoþ]pcpj_oP§fpsS khntijXbmWv Ipªn\v ]nXmhnsâbpw amXmhnsâbpw ]mc¼cyKpW§Ä ]IÀ¶pIn«p¶Xn\v ImcWamIp¶sX¶v apl½Zv \_n(k) ]dbp¶Xmbn kzlolp apkvenan ip²nbpsS A[ymb¯n ImWmhp¶XpamWv.

dqlpw Poh\pw
dqlns\¡pdn¨v JpÀB³ ]dªXv ""\nt¶mShÀ BXvamhns\¸än tNmZn ¡p¶p. ]dbpI: BXvamhv Fsâ c£n Xmhnsâ Imcy¯n s]«XmIp¶p. Adnhn \n¶v AÂ]aÃm sX \n§Ä¡v \ÂIs¸«n«n Ã'' (17:85) F¶mWv. Bßmsh¶v XÀPa \ÂIp¶ hkvXp Fs´¶Xv IrXyambn C¶phsc I­p]nSn¡s¸SpItbm \nÀhNn¡s¸SpItbm sNbvXn«nÃ. F¶m Bßmhv AÔhnizmksa¶v ]dªpXÅp¶ bpànhmZnIÄ¡v hncp²ambn imkv{XImc³ amÀ ]T\hpw KthjWhpw XpScpIbpw sN¿p¶p. B ßmhv F¡me¯pw Hcp kakybmbn XpScpw F¶v Xs¶bmWv {]KÂ`cmb imkv{XImc·mcpsS aXw.

AÞhpw _oPhpw Poh\pÅ tImi§fmsW¶Xn\m Ah IqSn¡eÀ¶v Ipªmbn hfcpt¼mÄ Hcp Poh³ ]pd¯p\n¶v hcp¶nsöXv bpànhmZw. F¶m  AÞs¯tbm Ne\tijnbpÅ ]pw_oPs¯tbm A{]Imcw Xs¶ `£n¡pIbpw Zln¸n¡pIbpw Nen¡pIbpw s]cpIpIbpw sN ¿p¶ Icfnse Ip]v^À (Kupfer cells) tImi§sftbm Poh\ps­¶v sh¨v PohnIsf¶v hnfn¡mdnà F¶ sNdnb bpàn hnaÀi\Xzcbn ChÀ ad¶pt]mIp¶Xv sIm­m Wv dqlns\ Ipdn¨v a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbmsX t]mIp¶Xv.

Xsâ Nn´mKXn¡v \nc¡m¯ H¶ns\bpw {InbmßIambn ]cnKWn¡m³ at\mhnimeXbnÃm¯ BfpIÄ¡v F´v \ntj[hpw AhXcn¸n¡msa¶Xv icnbmsW¦nepw Imcy§Ä hkvXp\njvTamIpt¼mÄ am{XamWv AXv bpànklamIp¶Xv. bpànhmZnIÄ C\nbpw a\Ênem¡m¯ Hcp kXyas{X CXv. ""a\pjy³ I­ntÃ; Ahs\ \mw Hcp _oPIW ¯n \n¶mWv krjvSn¨ncn¡p ¶ sX¶v? F¶n«v Ah\Xm Hcp {]Xy £amb FXnÀ¸pImc\mbncn¡p¶p''